Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer and an increased risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter eradication traditionally consists of an empirical therapy combining clarithromycine, amoxicillin and proton pump inhibitors. However, this classic therapy needs to be reassessed because of the raising prevalence of clarithromycine resistance. Various alternative eradication treatments have been studied. This article aims to review the recommended alternatives and the different factors to guide the most appropriate first line eradication therapy.