Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the progression of macular atrophy (MA) based on near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for at least a 6-year period.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 53 naïve patients (53 eyes) with neovascular AMD from 2 centers, who were treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and had no MA at baseline. MA was evaluated in an annual basis using NIR images, while all available OCT images were used to confirm that the atrophic area fulfilled the criteria proposed by the Classification of Atrophy Meetings (CAM) group for complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy. Incidence and progression of MA were evaluated. Associations with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and total number of injections were also studied.

Results: Treatment duration of our patients was 7.34 ± 1.54 years. The mean number of anti-VEGF injections was 24.4 ± 13.6. BCVA at baseline was 0.38 ± 0.27 logMAR, while at the final visit, it was 0.60 ± 0.35 logMAR (p = 0.731). The cumulative incidence of new MA at years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 was 1.89%, 18.87%, 32.08%, 39.62%, 49.06%, and 50.94%, respectively. In patients who developed MA, mean MA area increased from zero at baseline to 5.66 ± 7.18 mm² at the final visit. The estimated annual enlargement of MA was 0.45 mm/year based on square root transformation (1.12 mm²/year, untransformed data). MA progression does not appear to be significantly associated with age (R = 0.055; p = 0.784), gender (R = 0.113; p = 0.576), BCVA (R = 0.168; p = 0.404), and total number of injections (R = 0.133; p = 0.255).

Conclusion: In this real-life setting, half of the neovascular AMD patients under anti-VEGF treatment, without MA at therapy initiation, developed MA over a period of at least 6 years. In this work, the number of injections did not seem to have a significant association with MA progression.