Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease. In the last decade, important publications have described clinical disease progression and long-term complications. Furthermore, this condition has benefited from major therapeutic advances with the emergence of a hormonal substitution therapy with injectable parathyroid hormone, rhPTH (1-84) (Recombinant human parathyroid hormone, 1-84). Conventional therapy, with calcium supplements and active vitamin D analogue, is effective but does not always fulfill all therapeutic targets and is associated with hypercalciuria. In most patients, therapy with rhPTH (1-84) is associated with a substantial reduction of at least 50% in the need for calcium and active vitamin D along with maintenance of serum calcium. Additionally, rhPTH (1-84) is associated with decreased in 24h urinary calcium excretion with preservation of renal function, which can be a major asset.