The notion of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) appeared in the scientific literature in the 1930s. In 1955, W. Dressler published a case series of IRP in which treatment of cortisone and salicylates (i.e. Aspirin) was effective. About 30 years later, De La Serna et al. in 1987 and Guindo et al. in 1990, reported a beneficial effect of colchicine. In recent years, several clinical studies have helped to i mprove the management of this disease. In this present literature review of IRP, we will focus on the definition, differential diagnoses, pathophysiological hypotheses and available treatments. We will also discuss the clinical experience at the division of clinical immunology at the University Hospitals of Geneva.