Perinatal depression is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and postpartum period. It poses a risk for the health of the mother, her life, and also for the development of the infant, as well as the mother-infant relationship. As infancy is a critical developmental period of life and since supportive parenting is crucial for healthy development, it is essential to develop interventions aimed at treating depression, as well as improving parenting and the mother-infant bond. This thesis is composed of a narrative review which summarises the main current knowledge regarding perinatal depression, with a special focus on epidemiology, clinical presentation, aetiology, consequences and treatment. The second part is devoted to a review of the concept of parenthood, its psychological and cerebral aspects. It describes the central role of parenthood during the perinatal period as well as in the development and treatment of perinatal depression. We finally present one of our contribution in this field: the model of a brief intervention centred on parenthood developed to treat perinatal depression, as well as the mother-infant bond.