Most Western European democracies faced an important socio-demographic transition marked by large-scale immigration. While immigrant-origin populations are increasingly present in employment contexts and social interactions, they remain consistently underrepresented in the political arena. This project examines to what extent differences in political preferences and behavior between immigrant-origin and native voters require studying immigrant political representation beyond the overall electorate, and, how contextual factors influence parties to enhance immigrant representation. Structured in four stand-alone articles, the project addresses these questions, employing quantitative, comparative analyses across Western European democracies. It theorizes and provides empirical evidence for the argument that cross-national variations in representation are associated with differences in demographic compositions, immigrant political rights, access to citizenship, and economic insecurities. The analyses based on original party and survey data suggest that parties make strategic use of the political and economic context when weighing out whether striving for immigrant political representation maximizes vote shares.