Purpose: Completely edentulous arches can be restored using various prosthetic modalities, and the treatment outcome may include masticatory and speech discomforts. This study aimed to investigate the current status of prosthetic restoration modalities used for completely edentulous patients and investigate the association between prosthetic restoration modalities and subjective discomfort in mastication and speech by analyzing nationwide big data.

Methods: Of 97,622 individuals, data from 1,576 adults aged ≥40 years with no natural teeth and no requirement for additional prosthetic treatments were included. Oral examination data were analyzed, and the prostheses of the edentulous arches were categorized as follows: CD, removable complete denture; OD, implant-retained overdenture; and IF, implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis. Discomforts in mastication and speech according to the prosthetic restorative modality groups was statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance (α = 0.05).

Results: The maxillary/mandibular prosthetic restorative modality most commonly used was CD/CD, followed by CD/OD, IF/IF, OD/OD, and CD/IF, with weighted percentages of 93.23%, 2.48%, 1.83%, 1.46%, and 0.84%, respectively. Even after adjusting for various covariates, masticatory discomfort in the CD/CD group was significantly greater than that in the OD/OD (p = 0.0004) and IF/IF (p = 0.0002). The CD/CD group also had significantly greater discomfort in speech than did the IF/IF group (p = 0.0119).

Conclusions: Most completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated with bimaxillary removable complete dentures; however, the discomforts in mastication and speech were the lowest when both arches were restored with implant-supported fixed restorations.