Social protection tackles the structural determinants of health. I collected data from August 2019 to September 2019 in four districts of Luapula province, Zambia, from households receiving the social cash transfer (SCT). The SCT is the government of Zambia’s flagship social safety net program. I aimed to evaluate the impact of the United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD) project among people receiving SCT, including persons with disability. These data comprised 2,129 households (10,226 respondents, including 2,367 persons with disability). Using these data, I led the drafting and publication of peer-reviewed journals of three articles. In article 1, we examined the differences between women aged 16–55 with and without a disability in HIV testing in preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV context. In article 2, we investigated how the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV may be influenced by physical illness, anxiety, and depression. In article 3, we explored, among adolescents aged 16–24, the associations between accelerators (interventions impacting two or more sustainable development goals [SDGs]) aligned well-being indicators based on the head-of-household disability status. We found that, first, women with hearing disabilities were less likely to report testing for HIV in the PMTCT context than women with no disabilities or other types of disabilities. Second, food insecurity and disability may worsen physical illness, anxiety, depression symptoms, and other QoL domains among people living with HIV. And third, social protection was associated with favorable impacts on adolescents’ SDG-aligned well-being. Adolescents living with a head-of-household with disability may have benefited less before and after the accelerators. Governments may need to implement new social protection programs and complementary interventions to close the disability gap, that is, the disadvantage that persons with disability face compared to persons without disability, among people living with, at risk of or affected by HIV.