Recently, working memory (WM) has been conceptualized as a limited resource, distributed flexibly and strategically between representations. In addition to improving the precision of representations, WM resources may shape how these representations act as attentional templates to guide visual search. To understand the relationship between WM resources and template-guided visual search, the present thesis proposed a theoretical framework (Huynh Cong & Kerzel, 2022) that formed the basis for a series of empirical studies in single- and dual-target search. Consistent with our proposal, Huynh Cong and Kerzel (2022) demonstrated that WM resources determined the efficiency of attentional templates for visual search. In two other studies, Huynh Cong and Kerzel (2020, 2021b) showed that WM resources guaranteed the precision of attentional templates against retroactive interference. Therefore, the allocation of WM resources improves the efficiency of attentional templates and preserves their precision when threatened by retroactive interference.