The economics of language can claim different lines of parentage in the discipline of economics. This chapter on the economics of minority languages espouses a specific view, put forward by the late Gary Becker, in his Economic Approach to Human Behavior (1976), according to which economics is characterized less by its subject matter than by its approach. Without necessarily endorsing the full range of assumptions and ideological tenets associated with Becker’s work, this approach opens the door to the application of economic analysis to a wide range of topics, including language-related ones.