This paper presents a new dataset that harmonizes and integrates survey data spanning more than 50 countries over four decades to measure preferences for redistribution by income groups via group-level latent variable models. For OECD countries included in that dataset, we explore the effects of group-level preferences on three policy outcomes: welfare-state generosity, social spending in percent of GDP and redistribution via taxes and transfers. We find some evidence that policy responds less to the preferences of poor citizens than to middle-income and affluent citizens, but we do not find any evidence of a systematic bias in favor of affluent citizens relative to middle-income citizens (or vice-versa). The lack of overall policy responsiveness to public preferences measured in this manner is the most striking finding that emerges from our exploratory analysis.