In this paper, we present the last studies with impact on daily practice and up-to-date guidelines which can lead to a rational approach of the patient with neurological disease. In cerebrovascular diseases, several strategies are discussed to increase the number of patients who can benefit from thrombolysis, whereas in secondary prevention, the association of clopidogrel and aspirin versus clopidogrel has not shown to be beneficial. In Parkinson's disease, the inclusion criteria and benefits of deep brain stimulation are more precisely known. New genetic targets have been found in the field of myopathies, which open new therapeutic perspectives.