Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine pathology, and it is due to a single parathyroid adenoma in 80-85 per cent of patients. Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) has recently been used in endocrine surgery to help in the identification of parathyroid tissue, although there is currently no consensus on whether this technique can differentiate between normal and abnormal parathyroid glands. The aim of this study was to describe the autofluorescence pattern of parathyroid adenoma in pHPT.