Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely acknowledged to be an emerging epidemic in essentially all areas of the world. It currently affects approximately 415 million people, and this number is expected to increase to 650 million by the year 2040. A consequence of the increasing prevalence of DM that is of great concern is the parallel increase in diabetes-related complications and their pronounced impact on the quality of life and on economic costs. Diabetes complications are typically divided into macrovascular complications that include peripheral vascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke and microvascular complications that include retinopathy, neuropathy, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite the prevalence and the burden of DM, there are still a significant number of unmet needs in the management of diabetes-related complications. We here highlight the specific aspect of diabetic foot infection (DFI) management. DFI represents a significant source of morbidity for diabetics. The lifetime risk of DFI in diabetics may be as high as 25%, and DFI is among the most common diabetes-related causes of hospitalization with -unfortunately- a pronounced increased risk of amputation. By examining the clinical pathway for adult patients, we assessed factors related to remission of infection, with a focus on antibiotic-related variables. We also evaluated the efficacy of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) for oral therapy of diabetic foot infections, especially for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). We also studied other diabetes-related complications and their management by evaluation of the pharmacological strategy in diabetic nephropathy and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Finally, we explored the possibility of previously unidentified diabetes-associated disorders by assessment of the association between diabetes and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).