In Dakar, urban agriculture provides 70 % of the region's demand for vegetables and fruit and its contribution to sanitation and the living environment is well documented. Despite this multifunctionality, it faces major constraints which, if left unchecked, could lead to its disappearance in the near future. To remedy this situation, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the health dimensions of UA in the Dakar region with a view to advocating for the construction of a UA policy in this territory. This thesis is thus based on a multidisciplinary and participatory approach combining qualitative and quantitative surveys and the use of spatial analysis. Thanks to a territorial diagnosis of UA, this thesis validates the relevance of relying on health in general, and in its possible instrumental declination through HIA in particular, to introduce an approach that takes health into account in all public policies, particularly in the context of countries in the South. Urban agriculture, Health Impact Assessment, Dakar, Senegal.