In Chapter 16, The impact of music interventions on motor rehabilitation following stroke in elderly, Altenmu¨ller and James present music-supported therapy methods to improve poststroke recovery, with a focus on upper limb and gait rehabilitation, as well as on studies targeting cognitive and psychological outcomes. In line with the previous chapters of this section, they conclude that music listening and active musical training can be a strong stimulant for neuroplastic adaptations and behavioral improvements in neurological rehabilitation, mediated by sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, and neurophysiological processes. Nonetheless, all these authors emphasize methodological limitations to current music-based intervention studies. They provide very important recommendations to consider when designing and assessing the next studies so that music-based interventions in neurorehabilitation can be grounded within a neurobiological understanding of how and why particular brain systems are affected. These considerations should help to improve the relevance of clinical interventions and the scientific demonstration of their efficacy, ultimately increasing patients' functioning, autonomy, and well-being.