Imaging in the medical field has grown in importance over the past decades with the development of sophisticated cross-sectional imaging techniques including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hybrid imaging techniques (PET-CT and PET-MR). It has also become primordial in the initial diagnosis and staging of cancer patients and in the evaluation of treatment response. The most widely used technique is CT as it is a robust imaging method which provides whole body information in a short acquisition time and is readily accessible. The main disadvantage of this imaging method is that it relies on X-rays and is the main source of radiation exposure due to medical imaging in the general population. This thesis will firstly describe different methods that have been developed and are currently employed for dose reduction in CT and will then go on to outline the role of alternative imaging techniques including whole body MRI and PET-MR in cancer patients. Finally, future perspectives in the field of cancer imaging will be discussed with emphasis on quantitative image texture analysis and artificial intelligence.