Neurodevelopmental follow-up is a critical component of the evaluation of the neurological development and ongoing clinical needs of the high-risk newborn. Such follow-up is important because it has become increasingly clear that a substantial number of infants who exhibit neurological abnormalities in the newborn period will experience later neurological and developmental difficulties that are likely to seriously limit their educational, social, and other life course opportunities. Unfortunately, in the neonatal period, it is not always possible to accurately predict which infants will experience later neurodevelopmental problems and which will not. This chapter reviews key concepts underlying child development and the processes that influence child neurodevelopmental outcomes. It then outlines the appropriate considerations for the evaluation of a child's development across the domains of motor, language, cognition, and behavioral outcomes by age.