Clinical pathways (CP) enable a standardized and an efficient management of patients with common pathologies. As operational tools, they take into account knowledge from guidelines and from the context (e.g. availability of resources) in which the different interventions are to be carried out. Mastering the coherence of interactions between all these knowledge domains is a major challenge for the implementation of CP. This thesis led to the development of an ontology called Shareable and Reusable Clinical Pathway Ontology (ShaRE-CP) which integrates four knowledge domains (CP, guidelines, resources and context) and to the establishment of existing semantic links between them. The consistency of this semantic model has been validated by representing some corpora related to these knowledge domains and by solving some use cases using reasoners, SWRL rules or SPARQL queries. ShaRE-CP can serve as a basis for the development of a decision support system for planning and managing patient care.