In this thesis, two novel analyses looking for jets stemming from the hadronization of b-quarks are presented together with a detailed description of the tools and the related recent improvements for identifying the jets produced by beauty quarks. The first analysis is an inclusive search for boosted Higgs bosons decaying into a pairs of b-quarks using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This search has long been considered impossible due to the overwhelming QCD background. However, recent developments in the reconstruction of boosted environments made it possible to search inclusively for H->bb. In the signature used in the analysis the Higgs boson acquires high transverse momentum by recoiling against an initial jet. An evidence of W/Z+jets processes is also presented. The second analysis is a search for heavy resonances with masses above 1.1 TeV decaying to one or two b-quarks, producing two isolated jets in a back-to-back topology. For both analyses it is crucial to identify jets initiated by heavy quarks with high accuracy. Looking to the future, the physics programme at the LHC will be expanded by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project foreseen to start in 2024. The HL-LHC poses unique challenges in terms of radiation-hardness of the detectors. A novel technology of pixels detectors based on the commercially available CMOS manufacturing processes was studied during this thesis. Results of test-beam measurements show high detection efficiency under unprecedented radiation conditions.