The D3 right colectomy with extended lymphadenectomy has proven higher oncological quality. The prerequisites for such performing this radical operation are good anatomical knowledge of the lymph node and vessel distribution in the D3 area and a precise morphometric insight in the individual patient's three-dimensional vascular pattern of the superior mesenteric vessels, their branches and affluents. This is accomplished by engaging a professional anatomist in the multi-centric randomized, prospective clinical trial “Safe radical D3 right hemicolectomy for cancer through preoperative biphasic MDCT angiography”. A 3D vascular road mapping based on segmentation of high-resolution pre-operative CT can accurately present the multitude of vascular variations and anomalies, rendering the D3 surgical procedure safe and efficient. An anatomical micro-dissectional study has given valuable data concerning the actual morphometry and the 3D pattern of the colic artery lymphovascular bundle, i.e. defining the limits and extent of a sufficient lymphatic resection during D3 colectomy.