In Switzerland, alcohol consumption is often trivialized and widely accepted as normal behavior. However, even in small quantities, repeated alcohol intake can cause injury to both the central nervous system and the peripheral one. Various mechanisms are involved : direct neurotoxicity, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiencies, systemic injuries (hepatic, cardiovascular, immune), and accidents. This article describes potential neurological complications and their mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of early screenings for abusive consumption.