Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent condition estimated to affect 423 billions individuals worldwide, and it adds an important burden to sufferers. Recently, UI has been associated with higher mortality in two meta-analyses. The association could results from an effect of confusion: many risk factors to develop UI are also risk factors for cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases (obesity, tobacco, high blood pressure). Interventional studies have demonstrated that loosing weight or increasing physical activity can prevent the development of UI in continent individuals, and favour resolution of leakage episodes in incontinent patients. Besides, these interventions are the mainstay behavioural modification to prevent cardiovascular premature death. Fall, infection, and depression are consequences of UI. Those three medical events are associated with morbidity and mortality. Finally, the physiopathology of UI still holds mysteries. The link between UI and death could hide in the disease mechanism: a genetic susceptibility, a perturbation in the microbiota, or an immune process. The present thesis composed of a personal publication series, explores the above mentioned hypotheses in the introduction section. Research perspectives are given along with the conclusions.