This thesis aims at presenting an overview of the current state of knowledge on the involvement of immunity in pediatric epilepsies. In particular, we emphasize the role, suspected or confirmed, of various auto-AB discovered in children with seizures. For that purpose, we first place our review in a brief historical perspective, and describe certain illustrative inflammatory and autoimmune systemic and neurological diseases in which seizures are a hallmark. The current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the link between inflammation and seizures is summarized. We then discuss some of the childhood epilepsies and encephalitides with seizures in which specific auto-AB are involved. Finally, therapeutic options and future perspectives are presented.