Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia. Recent developments in biomarkers research have revolutionized its diagnosis at early stages. It is now well-known among researchers in the field that the use of biomarkers can facilitate early diagnosis, treatments response and can predict the rates of cognitive decline in individuals with preclinical, prodromal, or clinical AD. Suspected Non-Alzheimer's Pathophysiology (i.e. SNAP) is a recent biomarker-defined concept that applies to individuals with normal levels of amyloid-β biomarkers with cognitive impairment and AD-like neurodegeneration. Being a heterogeneous entity characterized by variation in pathological and clinical trajectories, researchers are still struggling to define its neuropsychological hallmarks. Objectives: This study aimed to provide evidence supporting worse cognitive performance of SNAP individuals compared to individuals who are negative for biomarkers of brain amyloidosis and neurodegeneration (i.e. A-N-) and better cognitive performance compared to individuals who are positive for biomarkers of brain amyloidosis and neurodegeneration (i.e. A+N+)...