Although there is a large and expanding literature on the relationship between self-estimated intelligence, cognitive ability, personality and gender, most of the studies in the field have focused on introspective self-reports of personality. A behavioural personality test, such as the Rorschach, can potentially reveal personality dimensions not captured by self-reports and thus extent our understanding of these relationships. In the present study, in a sample of 13 males and 22 females between 20 and 36 years of age, we jointly examined four self-estimates of cognitive ability (mathematical, verbal, visual, reasoning) along with a parallel ability test for each (arithmetic, information, paper-folding, R2000) and three personality component scores from the Rorschach. Our main hypothesis was that self-estimates of intelligence would be determined by individual differences in cognitive ability and gender. We also explored the associations of the Rorschach with self-estimated intelligence and cognitive ability. The results indicated that self-estimated intelligence is a multidimensional construct affected by differences in actual intelligence and sociocultural gender stereotypes. Personality dimensions issued from the Rorschach were not associated with self-estimated intelligence nor with cognitive ability.