Background: 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic disorder associated with widespread anomalies of white matter volume and microstructure. However, findings regarding the direction of microstructural alterations of white matter in this population are inconsistent. Moreover, although postnatal white matter maturation is known to follow complex non-linear patterns in healthy developing individuals, developmental trajectories of white matter have never been characterized in 22q11.2DS. Thus, the first aim of this study was to delineate the developmental trajectories of white matter microstructure in 22q11.2DS from childhood until adulthood, in order to improve our understanding of neuroanatomical development in this population. 22q11.2DS is also considered a model to study schizophrenia, given that approximately 30% of individuals with the deletion develop the illness by adulthood...