The content of this volume originates in the organization of a special panel for the 18th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (ICES) held in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, in OctobereNovember 2012. This conference addressed the issue of “movements” in its broadest sense: studies on social, religious, political, and cultural movements but also on circulation of words, ideas and peoples; the dynamics of contacts and exchanges; the effect of intellectual or economic change on societies; as well as “movement ” in its concrete physical and spatial meaning at different time and geographical scales. Our contribution to this conference meant to address different levels of understanding of the concept of “movement” in prehistoric archaeology and human evolution, especially in Ethiopia that is alternately considered to be a cradle, point of origin for dispersal, or a refugium zone, of human populations. The concept of “movement” was tackled through multidisciplinary studies, using empirical data from researched sites, and focuses on the paleoenvironmental-palaeoclimatic background to Middle and Upper Pleistocene paleoanthropological record and on the archaeological expressions of the behavioral, chronological and territorial changes, their significance and implications within Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa.