The herbicide paraquat (PQ) is a known neurotoxicant that has been shown to induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the brain. It is a worldwide used pesticide that has been banned from Europe in 2007 for its toxic effects causing among others neuroinflammation. Indeed, neuroinflammation is generally induced by brain injuries, but also by insults ultimately originating from outside the brain, not only exposure to xenobiotics (a foreign compound not produced by the organism itself), but also infection or autoimmunity.