We consider different renormalizable models of Lorentz invariance violation. Based on birefringent photon propagation of cosmic microwave background photons generically induced in such models, we constrain Lorentz invariance violation using the five year data of the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP). We derive limits on a birefringent effective photon mass and on a polarization dependence of the speed of light which are significantly stronger than other published limits.