This work based on the analysis of a mixed corpus of texts aims to shed light on the evolution of relationships between anthropologists and writers in the second half of the 20th century. The initial observation is that the dialogue initiated between these two fields during the avant-gardes and “ethnographic surrealism” did not end with the professionalisation of anthropology. On the contrary, this professionalisation helped relaunch a dialogue on better defined grounds. Our study focuses on several books from the “Terre humaine” collection (G. Balandier, G. Condominas, P. Clastres), as well as works by J. Favret-Saada and Y. Verdier. It takes into consideration their writing techniques and the intellectual backgrounds in which these works took shape. It also focuses on the works of writers for which anthropology has been an important source of inspiration, such as R. Barthes and G. Perec, or appears to be a reservoir of readings and practices to reinvent or play with, (J.-L. Trassard, P. Bergounioux, P. Quignard, G. Macé). In this intellectual landscape, anthropology, which is now well implanted, provides material for meditative or memory work. Lastly, our focus shifted to the study of the ways in which the anthropologist constitutes a new fictional character: in many ways, this reveals a particular imagination of scholarly lives as well as the distribution of prerogatives between writers and scholars. This dissertation aims to prove that the non-scholarly writings of anthropologists, alongside the works of writers curious about anthropology, represent a form of resistance against aesthetic autonomisation and the attribution of knowledge solely to scientific expertise.