Rectal cancer remains a frequent pathology, with a good prognosis, according to a proper management. During the last decades, we have been confronted with important improvements, notably regarding the diagnosis and the treatment. In the era of highly specialized medicine, it is clear that the management must be multidisciplinary, incorporating not only the surgeon, the oncologist and the radiation oncologist, but also the radiologist, the gastroenterologist, and the pathologist. We aim to review the recent concepts and the future developments in the management of rectal cancer.