Optimal pathways for the decarbonisation of the transport sector: Trade-offs between battery and hydrogen technologies using a whole energy system perspective

Article Article scientifique Article Optimal pathways for the decarbonisation of the transport sector: Trade-offs between battery and hydrogen technologies using a whole energy system perspective eng 2023-06-25 2023-12 author Rinaldi Arthur 0000-0003-4491-5774 675021 author Syla Arven 973169 Forel Communs (FOREL) author Patel Martin Kumar 810106 Forel Communs (FOREL) author Parra Mendoza David 100044 10.1016/j.clpl.2023.100044 2666-7916 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666791623000179 Several countries have revised their targets in recent years to reach net-zero CO2 emissions across all sectors by 2050, and the transport sector is responsible for a significant share of these emissions. This study compares possible pathways to decarbonise the transport sector including passenger cars, light commercial vehicles and heavy commercial vehicles. To do so, we explore 125 scenarios by varying the share of battery and hydrogen-based fuel cell electric vehicles in each of the three categories above independently. We further model the decarbonisation of the industrial hydrogen demand using electrolysers with hydrogen storage. To explore the potential role of electric and hydrogen transport, as well as their trade-offs, we use GRIMSEL, an open-source sector coupling energy system model of Switzerland which includes the residential, commercial, industrial and transport sectors with four energy carriers, namely electricity, heat, hot water and hydrogen. The total costs are minimised from a social planner perspective. We find that the decarbonisation of the transport sector could lead, on average, to a 12% increase in costs by 2050 and 1.3 MtCO2/year which represents a 90% CO2 emissions reduction for the whole sector, compared to fossil-based transport. Second, the transport energy self-sufficiency (i.e. the share of domestic electricity generation in final transport demand) may reach up to 50% for the scenarios with the largest share of battery electric vehicles, mainly due to a smaller energy demand than with hydrogen vehicles. Third, more than three quarters of the industrial hydrogen production is met by local photovoltaic electricity coupled with battery at minimum costs, i.e. green hydrogen. Finally, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier to store electricity over a long period is not cost-optimal. PV Storage Transport Hydrogen Electric vehicles Dewey 550 41 Département F.-A. Forel des sciences de l'environnement et de l'eau 153 false 935 Energy efficiency Cleaner production letters 5 8987d69a-a1ea-4d3b-9e79-faa473776f07 Article (Published version) Public paper_4_rinalid_et_al.pdf 5510597 application/pdf CC BY-NC-ND-4.0 e85fed7b5747cc2a73a06276257beb2dfe263bc016df44b91d9e862abb1c5da1 openAccess Faculté des sciences / Section des sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement / Département F.-A. Forel des sciences de l'environnement et de l'eau

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Optimal pathways for the decarbonisation of the transport sector: Trade-offs between battery and hydrogen technologies using a whole energy system perspective	Cleaner production letters			2023	167	150

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