Exploring demographic trajectories in three Swiss butterfly species: a genomic perspective across over a century

Diplôme Master Exploring demographic trajectories in three Swiss butterfly species: a genomic perspective across over a century eng 2024-09-11 author Le Basle Enola 897289 director Alvarez Nadir 948712 Département de génétique et évolution (Genev) (BIANI) 98 Insects are facing a worldwide decline caused by various anthropogenic factors such as land-use change, contamination, and climate warming. In Switzerland, butterfly population reduction has been observed in several species, but the lack of long-term population monitoring makes it challenging to reconstruct their historical trajectories. Museum collections house billions of historical specimens, a high-value record of entomological data. The genomic information carried by those individuals has recently been made available by advances in museomics. Here, we investigate the temporal dynamics of three butterfly species (Polyommatus icarus, Pieris napi, Vanessa atalanta) since the early 20th century in Switzerland. To finely track temporal genetic changes, we performed an extensive sampling comprising 663 historical specimens collected in museums and spanning more than a century, alongside with 360 fresh samples for comparison with current populations, totaling 1023 individuals. Using cutting-edge methods allowing to recover thousands of genomic loci from historical (leveraging the HyRAD protocol) and fresh (applying a ddRAD approach) specimens, we aim at comparing population genetic parameters across multiple space and time points, including present-day. Establishing population dynamics using estimates such as genetic diversity, effective size and inbreeding along the last century and all over Switzerland offers a retrospective view on the human impact on butterfly population through decades, providing valuable guidelines for future environmental management strategies. HyRAD DdRAD Museomics Population genomics Biodiversity Insect decline Genetic diversity Population structure Lepidoptera Conservation genetics Museum Historical DNA Dewey 590 44 Département de génétique et évolution 162 false 1372 Groupe Alvarez 5ef55ec8-761e-4c8b-bd54-65af2cf2b953 Master thesis Restricted LB_Enolà_Master_thesis_01.09.24.pdf 2123433 application/pdf b221c5521991cfad24c8ded40ac6c2f450c29456f8a69092380b7c75f53779e1 restrictedAccess Faculté des sciences / Section de biologie / Département de génétique et évolution

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