The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics

Article Article scientifique Article The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics eng 2025 CosmoVerse Collaboration collaborator Eckert Dominique 0000-0001-7917-3892 U. Geneva (main) 515027 Département d'astronomie (ASTRO) collaborator Chudaykin Anton Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys. 410229 Département de physique théorique (FITEO) collaborator Sorrenti Francesco 0000-0001-7141-9659 Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys. 973091 collaborator Castello Sveva Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys. 944919 collaborator Lombriser Lucas Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys. 887267 Département de physique théorique (FITEO) collaborator Grimm-Thieme Nastassia Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys. 972358 collaborator Durrer Ruth 0000-0001-9833-2086 Geneva U. 106998 Département de physique théorique (FITEO) 101965 10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965 2212-6864 2504.01669 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221268642500158X The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by the standard model of particle physics and a cold dark matter contribution, as well as very early-time inflationary physics, and underpinned by gravitation through general relativity. There have always been open questions about the soundness of the foundations of the standard model. However, recent years have shown that there may also be questions from the observational sector with the emergence of differences between certain cosmological probes. In this White Paper, we identify the key objectives that need to be addressed over the coming decade together with the core science projects that aim to meet these challenges. These discordances primarily rest on the divergence in the measurement of core cosmological parameters with varying levels of statistical confidence. These possible statistical tensions may be partially accounted for by systematics in various measurements or cosmological probes but there is also a growing indication of potential new physics beyond the standard model. After reviewing the principal probes used in the measurement of cosmological parameters, as well as potential systematics, we discuss the most promising array of potential new physics that may be observable in upcoming surveys. We also discuss the growing set of novel data analysis approaches that go beyond traditional methods to test physical models. These new methods will become increasingly important in the coming years as the volume of survey data continues to increase, and as the degeneracy between predictions of different physical models grows. There are several perspectives on the divergences between the values of cosmological parameters, such as the model-independent probes in the late Universe and model-dependent measurements in the early Universe, which we cover at length. The White Paper closes with a number of recommendations for the community to focus on for the upcoming decade of observational cosmology, statistical data analysis, and fundamental physics developments. Dewey 520 Dewey 500.2 37 Département de physique théorique 133 26 Département d'astronomie 12 false Physics of the dark universe 49 c0ee5f65-f46a-4c72-9ae5-48fd4e23a3b8 Article (Published version) Public 1-s2.0-S221268642500158X-main.pdf 64807090 application/pdf CC BY-4.0 ec3bb8ce91b243b81bb44b9f2ee30ce064efffd7cd9f66dc8e9b83f9f341292f openAccess Faculté des sciences / Section de physique / Département de physique théorique Faculté des sciences / Département d'astronomie

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The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics	Physics of the dark universe	2025	4	9
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