Wet Markets and Food Safety: TripAdvisor for Improved Global Digital Surveillance

Article Article scientifique Article Wet Markets and Food Safety: TripAdvisor for Improved Global Digital Surveillance eng 2019 author Kogan Nicole 874177 author Bolon Isabelle 0000-0001-5940-2731 114399 author Ray Nicolas 0000-0002-4696-5313 126189 author Alcoba Gabriel author Fernandez-Marquez Jose L author Müller Martin M author Mohanty Sharada P author Ruiz De Castaneda Rafael Luis 789107 e11477 10.2196/11477 30932867 2369-2960 https://publichealth.jmir.org/2019/2/e11477/ Background: Wet markets are markets selling fresh meat and produce. Wet markets are critical for food security and sustainable development in their respective regions. Due to their cultural significance, they attract numerous visitors and consequently generate tourist-geared information on the Web (ie, on social networks such as TripAdvisor). These data can be used to create a novel, international wet market inventory to support epidemiological surveillance and control in such settings, which are often associated with negative health outcomes. Objective: Using social network data, we aimed to assess the level of wet markets' touristic importance on the Web, produce the first distribution map of wet markets of touristic interest, and identify common diseases facing visitors in these settings. Methods: A Google search was performed on 31 food market-related keywords, with the first 150 results for each keyword evaluated based on their relevance to tourism. Of all these queries, wet market had the highest number of tourism-related Google Search results; among these, TripAdvisor was the most frequently-occurring travel information aggregator, prompting its selection as the data source for this study. A Web scraping tool (ParseHub) was used to extract wet market names, locations, and reviews from TripAdvisor. The latter were searched for disease-related content, which enabled assignment of GeoSentinel diagnosis codes to each. This syndromic categorization was overlaid onto a mapping of wet market locations. Regional prevalence of the most commonly occurring symptom group - food poisoning - was then determined (ie, by dividing the number of wet markets per continent with more than or equal to 1 review containing this syndrome by the total number of wet markets on that continent with syndromic information). Results: Of the 1090 hits on TripAdvisor for wet market, 36.06% (393/1090) conformed to the query's definition; wet markets were heterogeneously distributed: Asia concentrated 62.6% (246/393) of them, Europe 19.3% (76/393), North America 7.9% (31/393), Oceania 5.1% (20/393), Africa 3.1% (12/393), and South America 2.0% (8/393). Syndromic information was available for 14.5% (57/393) of wet markets. The most frequently occurring syndrome among visitors to these wet markets was food poisoning, accounting for 54% (51/95) of diagnoses. Cases of this syndrome were identified in 56% (22/39) of wet markets with syndromic information in Asia, 71% (5/7) in Europe, and 71% (5/7) in North America. All wet markets in South America and Oceania reported food poisoning cases, but the number of reviews with syndromic information was very limited in these regions (n=2). Conclusions: The map produced illustrates the potential role of touristically relevant social network data to support global epidemiological surveillance. This includes the possibility to approximate the global distribution of wet markets and to identify diseases (ie, food poisoning) that are most prevalent in such settings. Agriculture Epidemiology Foodborne diseases Maps Social networking Travel Dewey 333.7-333.9 Dewey 613 18 Institut des sciences de l'environnement 0DB 66 Institut de santé globale 22A1 false 1275 GeoHealth: approches géospatiales et environnementales en santé globale 1000 942 ISE Biodiversité 941 ISE Pôle Informatique environnementale 1057 TIGERS JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 5 2 7cbd4e9a-26b8-4988-aea4-bcd889d47c2c Article (Published version) Public 19_Kogan_et_al_JMIR.pdf 685466 application/pdf CC BY openAccess Centres et instituts / Institut des sciences de l'environnement Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine clinique / Département de santé et médecine communautaires / Institut de santé globale

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Wet Markets and Food Safety: TripAdvisor for Improved Global Digital Surveillance	JMIR Public Health and Surveillance			2019	578	685

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Kogan, Nicole