Microfabricated self-referencing pulstrodes

Article Article scientifique Article Microfabricated self-referencing pulstrodes eng 2025 author Speck Ayian Jérôme Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai E.-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland eric.bakker@unige.ch. 823311 author Migliorelli Davide CSEM Landquart Bahnhofstrasse 1 7302 Landquart Switzerland. author Disser Jeremy CSEM Landquart Bahnhofstrasse 1 7302 Landquart Switzerland. author Generelli Silvia CSEM Landquart Bahnhofstrasse 1 7302 Landquart Switzerland. author Bouilly Guillaume CSEM Landquart Bahnhofstrasse 1 7302 Landquart Switzerland. author Forrest Tara 0000-0003-2243-3221 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai E.-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland eric.bakker@unige.ch. 788805 author Zdrachek Elena 0000-0003-1593-7843 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai E.-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland eric.bakker@unige.ch. 850790 author Burr Loïc CSEM Landquart Bahnhofstrasse 1 7302 Landquart Switzerland. author Bakker Eric 0000-0001-8970-4343 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai E.-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland eric.bakker@unige.ch. 716236 Département de chimie minérale et analytique (CHIAM) 669-679 10.1039/d5sd00024f 40476077 2635-0998 PMC12132089 https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D5SD00024F Screen printing and inkjet printing are attractive processes to produce low-cost and mass producible electroanalytical sensors. Despite important advances in the field, obtaining a printed electrochemical reference element that satisfies analytical requirements has not yet been realized satisfactorily. This paper investigates the use of screen printing and inkjet printing to produce a self-contained, all-solid state reference element that can be integrated with a wide range of electroanalytical sensing principles. The principle relies on a silver/silver iodide element that self-generates its potential by the application of a so-called pulstrode protocol. Specifically, a defined quantity of iodide is released by a short cathodic current pulse, and the reference potential defined by the released iodide is subsequently recorded at zero current. Both screen and inkjet-printed reference electrodes are fabricated and characterized, and the methodology optimized and assessed. As an application example, a single-point calibration method is used to quantify ions in undiluted filtered urine samples by potentiometry. The screen-printing approach was less successful owing to the low purity of the silver ink used. The inkjet printing approach allowed one to quantify chloride and sodium in urine. Using a conventional silver/silver chloride reference electrode as standard, relative errors of respectively 7.7 and 14.1% for chloride and sodium were obtained. While the approach would benefit from further optimization for long term applications, especially the use of high purity silver inks, it is a promising strategy for the realization of fully integrated all-solid-state microfabricated sensing systems. Dewey 540 Swiss National Science Foundation Innovative Sensing Principles at Selective Interfaces 212462 CH 40 Département de chimie minérale, analytique et appliquée 145 false 772 Groupe Bakker Sensors & diagnostics 4 8 fd91187c-7749-4d9b-8448-37505cdf790d Article (Published version) Public Article_scientifique_from_unpaywall.pdf 1109163 application/pdf CC BY 66aae0f525258a3d9aeb05816c5f78389aebec83274a15c1b6b9fd4b07b559f2 openAccess Faculté des sciences / Section de chimie et biochimie / Département de chimie minérale, analytique et appliquée

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Speck, Ayian Jérôme