Development of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis: the role of coping strategies and their change

Article Article scientifique Article Development of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis: the role of coping strategies and their change eng 2025-03-14 author Lampraki Charikleia Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, Carouge, Geneva, 1227, Switzerland. charikleia.lampraki@unige.ch.,Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Lausanne, Switzerland. charikleia.lampraki@unige.ch. 406111 Centre interfacultaire de gérontologie et d'études des vulnérabilités (CIGE) author Jopp Daniela S Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Lausanne, Switzerland. author Roquet Angélique Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Lausanne, Switzerland. author Hoffman Adar Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Lausanne, Switzerland. 729962 author Uittenhove Kim Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Lausanne, Switzerland. 792687 10.1186/s40359-025-02406-8 40087741 2050-7283 PMC11907944 https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-025-02406-8 Background: Confronted with stressful circumstances, individuals use coping strategies to adapt. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals were threatened by an unprecedented health crisis, which governments tried to navigate with various imposed measures. Social distancing had massive negative consequences for mental health; yet studies also documented important interindividual differences, which may be related to differences in coping strategies. This study aims at identifying the most frequent coping responses, their change over time, as well as their possible role for adapting to the crisis. Methods: Our sample consisted of 732 individuals living in Switzerland (age range 18-81 years). An online three-wave questionnaire was administered during the second pandemic wave (i.e., October, November, and December 2020). We used bivariate latent growth modeling and multilevel modeling in order to investigate the development of depressive symptoms and the extent to which it related to the level and change in coping strategies, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Bivariate latent growth models showed that feeling depressed was related to lower use of seeking functional and emotional support, positive reappraisal and acceptance, and higher use of self-distracting. Moreover, results indicated that more change in depressive symptoms was related to less change in seeking functional support and positive reappraisal, and to more change in self-distracting. Regarding multilevel modeling, where all coping strategies were simultaneously included as predictors of depressive symptoms, a higher level of support seeking and positive reappraisal, and a lower level of self-distracting were related to fewer depressive symptoms. Over time, seeking support, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and self-distracting decreased, while depressive symptoms increased. Decreasing the use of positive reappraisal and increasing the use of self-distracting were related to increasing depressive symptoms. Younger aged individuals experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than their older age counterparts when they decreased the use of positive reappraisal. Conclusions: In conclusion, individuals used various coping strategies to adapt to the COVID-19-related life circumstances, but only some of them related to changes in depressing symptoms, possibly demonstrating a gap between the availability and use of coping strategies during the pandemic and their actual effect on mental health. Age differences COVID-19 Coping strategies Depressive symptoms Pandemic Dewey 150 Dewey 618.97 Swiss National Science Foundation NCCR LIVES: Overcoming vulnerability - life course perspectives (phase III) 185901 CH Programmes 108 Section de psychologie 71 14 Centre interfacultaire de gérontologie et d'études des vulnérabilités 0D6 false 1406 Psychologie du développement lifespan 1282 Centre LIVES BMC psychology 13 1 2272a8fc-1a32-4d28-aa39-9c7c758a5fc9 Article (Published version) Public Article_scientifique_from_crossref.pdf 1400501 application/pdf CC BY-4.0 4d8710ed4ad73f3181a4e5b5ebdc7d00acfc934bd6d8f0710d2085af79b95786 openAccess Faculté de psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation / Section de psychologie Centres et instituts / Centre interfacultaire de gérontologie et d'études des vulnérabilités

Title	Published in	Year	Views	Downloads

Development of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis: the role of coping strategies and their change	BMC psychology	2025	37	187
I Think, Therefore I… Identify ? The Ease-of-Retrieval of Group Membership, and its Effects on Social Identification and Perceived Discrimination of Israeli Women		2014	320	0

Archive ouverte UNIGE

Hoffman, Adar