SuperFGD prototype time resolution studies

Article Article scientifique Article SuperFGD prototype time resolution studies eng 2023-01-16 2023-01-16 author Alekseev I. author Arihara T. author Baranov V. author Bartoszek L. author Bernardi L. author Blondel Alain 133489 author Boikov A.v. author Buizza-Avanzini M. author Cadoux Franck 676514 author Capó J. author Cayo J. author Chakrani J. author Chong P.s. author Chvirova A. author Danilov M. author Davydov Yu.I. author Dergacheva A. author Dokania N. author Douqa Dana 0000-0001-8245-7618 875400 author Drapier O. author Eguchi A. author Favre Yannick 761433 author Fedorova D. author Fedotov S. author Fujii Y. author Gastaldi F. author Gendotti A. author Glagolev V. author Guillaumat R. author Iwamoto K. author Jakkapu M. author Jesús-Valls C. author Jung C.k. author Kakuno H. author Kasetti S.p. author Khabibullin M. author Khotjantsev A. author Kikutani H. author Kobayashi T. author Kodama S. author Korzenev Alexander 713449 author Kose U. author Kudenko Y. author Kutter T. author Last D. author Li B. author Li Z. author Lin L.s. author Lin S. author Louzir M. author Lux T. author Maret Lucie 837784 author Martynenko S. author Matsubara T. author Mauger C. author McGrew C. author Mefodiev A. author Mineev O. author Nakadaira T. author Nakagiri K. author Nanni J. author Nicola Laurent 682856 author Noah Messomo Etam Albert 777544 author Paolone V. author Parsa Saba 814679 author Pellegrino R. author Ramirez M.a. author Reh M. author Ricco C. author Rubbia A. author Sakashita K. author Sanchez Nieto Federico 0000-0003-0320-3623 909827 author Sgalaberna D. author Shvartsman A. author Skrobova N. author Suslov I.a. author Suvorov S. author Svirida D. author Teklu A. author Tereshchenko V.v. author Tzanov M. author Vasilyev I.i. author Wood K. author Yang G. author Yershov N. author Yokoyama M. author Yoshimoto Y. author Zhao X. author Zilberman P. author Zimmerman E.d. P01012 10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01012 1748-0221 2206.10507 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/P01012 The SuperFGD detector will be a novel and important upgrade to the ND280 near detector for both the T2K and Hyper-Kamiokande projects. The main goal of the ND280 upgrade is to reduce systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino flux and cross-section modeling for future studies of neutrino oscillations using the T2K and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. The upgraded ND280 detector will be able to perform a full exclusive reconstruction of the final state from neutrino-nucleus interactions, including measurements of low momentum protons, pions and for the first time, event-by event measurements of neutron kinematics. Precisely understanding the time resolution is critical for the neutron energy measurements and hence an important factor in reducing the systematic uncertainties. In this paper we present the results of time resolution measurements made with the SuperFGD prototype that consists of 9216 plastic scintillator cubes (cube size is 1 cm$^{3}$) readout with 1728 wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers along the three orthogonal directions. We used data from a muon beam exposure at CERN. A time resolution of 0.97 ns was obtained for one readout channel after implementing the time calibration with a correction for time-walk effects. The time resolution improves with increasing energy deposited in a scintillator cube, improving to 0.87 ns for large pulses. Averaging two readout channels for one scintillator cube further improves the time resolution to 0.68 ns implying that signals in different channels are not synchronous. In addition the contribution from the time sampling interval of 2.5 ns is averaged as well. Most importantly, averaging time values from N channels improves the time resolution by ∼ 1/√(N). For example, averaging the time from 2 scintillator cubes with 2 fibers each improves the time resolution to 0.47 ns which is much better than the intrinsic electronics time resolution of 0.72 ns in one channel due to the 2.5 ns sampling window. This indicates that a very good time resolution should be achievable for neutrons since neutron recoils typically interact with several scintillator cubes and in addition produce larger signal amplitudes than muons. Measurements performed with a laser and a wide-bandwidth oscilloscope in which the contribution from the electronics time sampling window was removed demonstrated that the time resolution obtained with the muon beam is not far from the theoretical limit. The intrinsic time resolution of a scintillator cube and one WLS fiber is about 0.67 ns for signals of 56 photo electrons which is typical for minimum ionizing particles. 12 pages, 9 figures. Revised text, results unchanged Neutrino detectors Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators) Timing detectors Muon: irradiation Time: calibration N: energy spectrum Time resolution Scintillation counter: plastics Wavelength shifter: fibre CERN Lab Near detector Detector: upgrade KAMIOKANDE Neutrino: oscillation Performance Dewey 500.2 34 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire 132 false Journal of instrumentation 18 01 1a92b560-1972-4aab-a2dc-45feaa41c5b2 Article (Submitted version) Public Article-scientifique-from-unpaywall.pdf 1311560 application/pdf openAccess Faculté des sciences / Section de physique / Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire

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