An objective method to detect sighs during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing

Article Article scientifique Article An objective method to detect sighs during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing eng 2025-10-21 2025-10-21 author Genecand Léon 0000-0001-6965-0480 Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. leon.genecand@hug.ch.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. leon.genecand@hug.ch. 775211 author Nibler Thomas Gabriel Département d'Informatique, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 407000 author Guerreiro Ivan Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 631408 author Cantero Chloe Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 659616 author Jaksic Cyril Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 697773 author Thorens Sara Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 945495 author Altarelli Marco Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland. author Frésard Isabelle Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland. author Beurnier Antoine Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche S_999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», HPPIT, Marie Lannelongue Hospital , Le Plessis Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique -¬ Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-¬ HP) , Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, FHU André Cournand, ERN-- LUNG, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. author Montani David 0000-0002-9358-6922 Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche S_999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», HPPIT, Marie Lannelongue Hospital , Le Plessis Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique -¬ Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-¬ HP) , Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, FHU André Cournand, ERN-- LUNG, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. author Bergeron Anne Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 981702 Département de médecine (DEMED) author Lador Frédéric Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. 89384 Département de médecine (DEMED) author Bridevaux Pierre-Olivier 0000-0002-8021-0950 Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland. 656483 Département de médecine (DEMED) 36744 10.1038/s41598-025-20654-x 41120717 2045-2322 PMC12540664 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-20654-x Excessive sighs have been described as one type of dysfunctional breathing (DB). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is one of the diagnostic options for DB and allows for a subjective evaluation of sighs. However, no validated method exists to automatically quantify sighs during CPET. We aimed to develop such a method. We used two Swiss cohorts of patients with persistent dyspnea after SARS-CoV-2 infection using CPET. In the derivation cohort (n = 48), we tested different filters to find the one that was the least influenced by outliers of tidal volume (VT) using a subjective approach. The selected filter (rolling median of 15 values) was applied in the validation cohort (n = 77) to detect spikes of VT above 2 times the value of the associated centered filtered value. Every automatically detected spike of VT from the cohort was analyzed by two experienced raters using continuous volume and flow-over-time graphs reconstructed from high resolution data acquisition. In the validation cohort, 203 automatically detected spikes of VT were visually analyzed by two raters. Of the 203 detected spikes, 199 corresponded to a sigh. The Cohen's Kappa (95% CI) between the raters was 0.89 (0.67-1). In conclusion, we developed a simple automated method for the objective quantification of sighs during CPET. It could be used to establish normative values of sighs during CPET and explore the associations between sighs and symptoms of patients with DB. Abnormal breathing pattern Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing Dysfunctional breathing Sighs Humans Exercise Test / methods Male Female Middle Aged COVID-19 / complications COVID-19 / physiopathology Aged SARS-CoV-2 Tidal Volume Dyspnea / diagnosis Dyspnea / physiopathology Dyspnea / etiology Dewey 616 Dewey 618 Dewey 025.063 56 Département de médecine 221 32 Département d'informatique 18 217 Centre de recherche clinique 201 false 1430 Maladies interstitielles et de l'immunodéprimé 1057 Scientific reports 15 1 4eeba893-95d0-4c23-9c5a-67e1f0a69e2d Article (Published version) Public Article_scientifique_from_europePmc.pdf 2326700 application/pdf CC BY-NC-ND-4.0 0223a50fd501045e691fac598699838415173685b6dc50ee0c656e544f3c9281 03ce980b-41ab-4aa3-b18d-1f0b0e19d07a Appendix Public 41598_2025_20654_MOESM1_ESM.docx 642276 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 86aa4467b6a9a5b2664560eb62a2e082042def2941dbf6c928500201dec8b106 openAccess Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine clinique / Département de médecine Faculté des sciences / Département d'informatique Faculté de médecine / Centre de recherche clinique

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An objective method to detect sighs during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing	Scientific reports			2025	19	15

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Nibler, Thomas Gabriel