With the advent of the so-called affective revolution, the words that label emotional experiences in natural languages have become a burgeoning field of enquiry. This chapter deals with one of the pertinent issues in this area—namely, that of translatability of emotion words across languages and cultures. Do translation equivalents—such as, for instance, English happy, German glücklich, or French heureux—mean the same thing? To what extent are cross-lingual correlates suggested to us by dictionaries equivalent in meaning, and what are the available approaches to measure their (dis)similarity?