We study the holographic dual of the extended thermodynamics of spherically symmetric, charged AdS black holes in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The gravitational thermodynamics of AdS black holes can be extended by allowing for variations of the cosmological constant and Newton’s constant. In the dual CFT this corresponds to including the central charge C and its chemical potential μ as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables, in addition to the standard pairs: temperature vs. entropy (T, S), electric potential vs. charge ($ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\overset{\sim }{Q} $) and field theory pressure vs. volume (p,$ \mathcal{V} $). For the (grand) canonical ensembles at fixed ($ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},C $), ($ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\mathcal{V},C $) and ($ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $), based on the holographic dictionary, we argue the CFT description of charged AdS black holes contains either critical phenomena or interesting phase behaviour. In the fixed ($ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $) we find a new zeroth-order phase transition between a high- and low-entropy phase at some μ-dependent temperature. Finally, we point out there is no critical behaviour in the fixed p ensembles, i.e. there is no p − $ \mathcal{V} $ criticality, and hence the CFT state dual to a classical charged black hole cannot be a Van der Waals fluid. Whether or not this phase structure is supported by CFT computations remains an interesting open question.