The objective of my doctoral work was to study the stimulus selectivity of three neuron types in the primary somatosensory cortex during whisker-based sensory discrimination learning in mice. We specifically focused on pyramidal neurons, VIP interneurons, and axons from higher-order thalamic nucleus (POm). Our study revealed that the aforementioned cell types are active during sensory discrimination, showing an overall increase in selectivity for the rewarded stimulus as mice learn. While some neurons consistently represent a texture or forthcoming behavioural choice, the majority exhibit dynamic selectivity when stimulus contingencies are altered. A subset of pyramidal neurons are value-sensitive, and interestingly predict learning onset through an error history signal, while VIP interneurons carry this signal on a population level. Our data suggest that neurons in lower-order cortices can carry higher-order information, and that they can adapt their response selectivity for sensory stimuli depending on the associated reward contingencies.