Human activity takes place in space and people need a mental representation of what is “actual” in the physical world to effectively navigate it. The cognitive map is the term we use to describe these representations. Mentally comparing the distances between a reference and a target location is a process that requires the recall of that information off the cognitive map. We investigated the neural correlates of spatial navigation within the two strategies of thinking, the allocentric and the egocentric one. To this aim, we used a computerized version of the Cognitive Map Recall Test where participants had to judge the distance between locations. Behavioral findings revealed no significant difference between allocentric and egocentric conditions in the reaction time and the accuracy of the participants’ response. However, significant differences in the EEG spectral perturbations during the use of the two reference frames were observed for theta and alpha frequency bands. These findings add to the other attempts from researchers that are trying to explore the neural correlates of the already established dissociation between allocentric and egocentric frames of reference.