he book is one of the first historical study dedicated to the history of clerks and white collars in France. It examines the existence and limits of employees as social group from a gender perspective. The first part of the book proposes a general portray of employees : definitions, denominations, datas, jobs and places, social position ; growth, introduction of women in the office (private and admistrative positions), contribution to the definition and redefinition of social identity ; strikes, revendications, trade-unions and social movement from a gender perspective ; technological transformation of the office. The second part is a specific enquiry on male and female employees working during the inter-war-period in one of the famous french car industry : Renault. It examines the growth of administrative tasks in a large scale company, the emergence of administrative specializations and organization of work, introduction of women, job and space segregations, and contributes to a broader investigation on white collar identity (in and outside the office). One of the aim of the book is to insist on the contribution of women to the administrative revolution both in public and private companies, to come back to their skills, the opportunities they had and the segregation they were confronted with.