Scientific article
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English

Capture by context elements, not attentional suppression of distractors, explains the P d with small search displays

Published inJournal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 32, no. 6, p. 1170-1183
Publication date2020
Abstract

Top-down control of attention allows us to resist attentional capture by salient stimuli that are irrelevant to our current goals. Recently, it was proposed that attentional suppression of salient distractors contributes to top-down control by biasing attention away from the distractor. With small search displays, attentional suppression of salient distractors may even result in reduced reaction times on distractor-present trials. In support of attentional suppression, electrophysiological measures revealed a positivity between 200-300 ms contralateral to the distractor, which has been referred to as distractor positivity (PD). We re-examined distractor benefits with small search displays and found that the positivity to the distractor was followed by a negativity to the distractor. The negativity, referred to as N2pc, is considered an index of attentional selection of the contralateral element. Thus, attentional suppression of the distractor (PD) preceded attentional capture (N2pc) by the distractor, which is at odds with the idea that attentional suppression avoids attentional capture by the distractor. Instead, we suggest that the initial "PD" is not a positivity to the distractor, but rather a negativity (N2pc) to the contralateral context element, suggesting that initially, the context captured attention. Subsequently, the distractor was selected because paradoxically, participants searched all lateral target positions (even when irrelevant) before they examined the vertical positions. Consistent with this idea, search times were shorter for lateral than vertical targets. In sum, the early voltage difference in small search displays is unrelated to distractor suppression, but may reflect capture by the context.

Keywords
  • Visual search
  • Attentional capture
  • Attentional suppression
  • PD
  • N2pc
Research groups
Citation (ISO format)
KERZEL, Dirk, BURRA, Nicolas. Capture by context elements, not attentional suppression of distractors, explains the P d with small search displays. In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2020, vol. 32, n° 6, p. 1170–1183. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01535
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Article (Accepted version)
accessLevelPublic
Identifiers
Journal ISSN0898-929X
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