This chapter describes the study of translation and interpreting in conflict as an emerging discipline. It provides a survey of its history and characteristics, a summary of the research carried out so far, and a description of the current state of the field. It provides some background on the different terms used to refer to this field and the evolution of research over time. The chapter contends that positionality is the key notion around which the different accounts of translators and interpreters turn. It is an essential concept that impacts on their behavior and the decisions they take. A range of issues—including unfamiliar locations; legal, psychological, and ethical considerations; and security—complicate the work undertaken by translators and interpreters in such settings. The chapter concludes with a discussion of areas of current scholarly interest and predictions for future directions for research.