Centrioles are organelles found in almost all eukaryotes. They are involved in fundamental biological processes such as cell division and cilia formation. The overall structural organization of the centriole is very much preserved throughout evolution. The centriole is a cylinder composed of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a 9-fold radial symmetry. Despite the important advances made by the description of these structures in conventional electron microscopy, our vision of the centriole architecture remains fragmented. The objective of this thesis is twofold: first, to understand the structural mechanisms of assembly of centriolar parts by using in vitro reconstitution methods; second, this thesis aims to provide an exhaustive description of the centriolar architecture from different species to better understand the structures that allow the microtubule triplets to be maintained together. To tackle these questions, image processing was performed on data acquired by cryo-electron tomography.