This paper proposes to analyze the internal assessment within the standard level mathematics course in the International Baccalaureate (IB). This written and individual piece of work entitled “Mathematical Exploration” that each student must produce should involve an investigation in a field of mathematics. This analysis uses the tools of the Anthropological theory of didactics (ATD), in particular the Herbartian scheme and the dialectics of questions/answers and media/milieu. I therefore make the hypotheses that these two dialectics play a crucial role in conducting this exploration and without these the work may be reduced to “copy-pasting” information from the media.