Postoperative cardiovascular and pulmonary complications (PCVCs and PPCs) are frequent and result in prolonged hospital stay. The aim of this study was to update the risk factors associated with major complications and survival after lung cancer surgery. This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial that was designed to assess the benefits of preoperative physical training. After enrollment, clinical, biological and functional data as well as intraoperative details were collected. In-hospital PCVCs and PPCs were recorded and survival data were adjudicated up to 4 years after surgery.